Chemotherapy-related trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves neurotoxicity: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between orofacial neurotoxicity and chemotherapy treatment is still unclear. In this context, the purpose of this study is to relate the orofacial alterations that manifest during antineoplastic pharmacological treatment, highlighting the drugs commonly related to orofacial neuropathy and the adequate instrument to verify the alterations at clinical levels. METHODS: This prospective cohort study, addressed patients who would start therapy with taxanes, platinum, or related therapy. The collection of signs and symptoms was divided into 3 different times (baseline, second or third cycle of antineoplastic chemotherapy treatment, and sixth cycle). A total of 40 patients were submitted to the application of the Short McGill pain questionnaire and Neutoxicity Induced by Antineoplastics questionnaire (QNIA). To verify sensory alterations in the face, a clinical evaluation was performed with the help of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. RESULTS: Taxanes show greater orofacial neurotoxic potential, being associated with sensory alterations assessed by monofilaments (P = .003) and the presence of orofacial pain analyzed by the Short McGill pain questionnaire (P = .001). These medications related to neuropathy in the orofacial region measured through the QNIA, demonstrating a predominantly acute nature (P < .001). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that chemotherapy may induce neurotoxicity in the orofacial region.

Repercussões da pandemia de Covid-19 na alimentação, no estilo de vida e no cuidado com a saúde bucal em uma população pediátrica Brasileira / Repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic on food, lifestyle, and oral health care in a Brazilian pediatric population

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 durante o isolamento mais rígido (lockdown) nos hábitos alimentares, no estilo de vida e na higiene bucal de crianças atendidas na clínica de Odontopediatria do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, em que foram entrevistados 50 pais e/ou responsáveis legais de crianças de 3-9 anos de idade. O questionário aplicado, composto por 47 questões, incluiu a versão traduzida em português do Brasil do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Mediterrânea em Crianças e Adolescentes (KIDMED). Os dados foram tabulados no Microsoft Excel® e exportados para o software SPSS versão 20.0. Após categorização, as análises foram realizadas, utilizando os testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher (p<0,05) e expressos em forma de frequência absoluta e percentual. Resultados: durante o lockdown, as crianças apresentaram altas porcentagens para consumo de açúcares fermentados (37; 74,0%), sedentarismo (36; 72,0%) e cuidados adequados com a higiene oral, incluindo uso de dentifrício fluoretado (49; 98,9%) e escovação noturna (41; 82,0%). Ademais, observou-se manutenção/aumento da variação do número de refeições estatisticamente significativo para as crianças que aumentaram a ingestão de alimentos açucarados (p=0,003) e tornaram-se sedentárias (p=0,022). Conclusões: apesar da dieta mais açucarada durante o lockdown, sugere-se um controle do risco de cárie, visto que a maioria das crianças manteve bons hábitos de higiene oral. Entretanto, tais hábitos alimentares aliados ao sedentarismo expõem o indivíduo ao risco de condições sistêmicas importantes, como obesidade e diabetes tipo 2.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the stricter isolation (lockdown) on eating habits, lifestyle, and oral hygiene of children treated at the Pediatric Dentistry clinic of the Dentistry course at the Federal University of Ceará. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was carried out, in which 50 parents and/or legal guardians of children aged 3-9 years were interviewed. The applied questionnaire consisting of 56 questions included the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Quality Index of the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents (KIDMED). Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel® and exported to SPSS version 20.0 software. After categorization, analyzes were performed using Pearson's Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests (p<0.05) and expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: children showed a high percentage of consumption of fermented sugars (37; 74.0%), a sedentary lifestyle (36; 72.0%), and adequate care with oral hygiene, including the use of fluoride toothpaste (49; 98.9%), and night brushing (41; 82.0%) during the lockdown. Furthermore, a statistically significant maintenance/increase in the variation in the number of meals was observed for children who increased their intake of sugary foods (p=0.003) and became sedentary (p=0.022). Conclusions: despite the sugary diet during the lockdown, control of the risk of caries is suggested since most children maintained good oral hygiene habits. However, such eating habits combined with a sedentary lifestyle expose the individual to the risk of important systemic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Camellia sinensis in Dentistry: Technological Prospection and Scientific Evidence.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate reports of patents for oral care formulations, based on Camellia sinensis (C. sinensis), deposited and granted in intellectual property banks. METHODS: A survey was conducted through collection, treatment, and analysis of extracted information from patent reports selected. The documentary research was conducted in January 2021 on formulations with C. sinensis for dental applications, including since the first patent deposits until the current time. The risk of bias of clinical trials with these formulations was analyzed to verify the scientific evidence. The data extracted represent the distribution of the number of patents by banks, annual evolution of patent deposits, applicant of patents by country, distribution of patents according to International Patent Classification codes, and the types of patented products. RESULTS: Data and information from 20 selected patents were extracted. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) were the banks with the largest number of patents for products/formulations with C. sinensis for oral care applications with 7 (35%) and 6 (30%) patent registrations, respectively. Other banks did not provide patents related to the search. Patents of compositions were the largest with 14 filings, and the remainder of formulations are represented specially by mouthwashes and toothpastes. As for clinical application, 18 patents were filed as products with antimicrobial and antibiofilm action, while 2 patents are directed to the treatment of xerostomia. In general, the aspects of the studies of clinical efficacy pointed to a low risk of bias. CONCLUSION: The study pointed out a small number of products protected by patents for Camellia sinensis for oral care indication, highlighting mainly mouthwash compositions and formulations. In the methodological parameters of clinical trials carried out with the formulations, the majority pointed out a low risk of bias.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Propolis-Containing Varnish in Children: A Randomized and Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Dental caries is a sugar-dependent condition common in childhood, which causes microbiological imbalance in dental biofilm. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of a 2.5% Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP) dental varnish to prevent caries in children. Seventy-five children with high caries risk, aged between 36 and 71 months and with no caries, were assigned to three groups to receive varnish treatment containing 2.5% BRP, 1% chlorhexidine, or 5% fluoride. The varnish was applied to the occlusal surfaces of the deciduous second molars on the first day of treatment (D1), after 90 days (D90), and 180 days of the start of treatment (D180). Saliva was collected to assess S. mutans before each varnish application and 180 days at the end of treatment (D360). Values were expressed in log10 (CFU/mL). Statistics were performed by applying repeated measures of variance analysis, Tukey's multiple comparisons test, and paired t-test. In the first dilution (1 : 10), there was microbial load reduction at the following periods: BRP in D0-D90 (p < 0.05) and D0-D180 (p < 0.01); fluoride in D0-D90 (p < 0.001); and chlorhexidine in D0-D180 (p < 0.05). In the second dilution (1 : 100), there was microbial load reduction in the groups at the following periods: BRP in D0-D90 (p < 0.05) and D0-D180 (p < 0.01); fluoride in D0-D180 (p < 0.05), and chlorhexidine in D0-180 (p < 0.01) and D0-360 (p < 0.05). The 2.5% BRP dental varnish was effective in decreasing S. mutans colonies in saliva when used within 90 days.

Clinical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Dental Varnish in Children: A Clinical Study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacies of (C. langsdorffii) dental varnish in children at high risk of dental caries.. METHODS: This is a longitudinal, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ninety high-risk caries-free children (ICDAS II = 0) were recruited and randomly divided into three groups: C. langsdorffii, chlorhexidine, or fluoride. The varnishes were applied on the second deciduous molars for three times: baseline (D0), after 90 days (D90), and after 180 days (D180). Saliva was collected on D0, D90, D180, and D360 to evaluate S. mutans reduction. Statistics were carried out by ANOVA, Tukey's test, and the paired t-test. RESULTS: Copaiba varnish demonstrated significant S. mutans reduction: D360 versus D0 (p < 0.0001), D180 versus D0 (p < 0.001), D360 versus D90 (p < 0.001), D180 versus D90 (p < 0.001), and D360 versus D180 (p < 0.05). Chlorhexidine varnish significantly reduced S. mutans at D180 versus D0 (p < 0.05). Fluoride reduced at D180 versus D0 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three annual applications of this varnish showed substantial antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and caries prevention for up to 12 months.

Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Brazilian Red Propolis Containing-Dentifrice in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of dentifrice containing brazilian red propolis (BRP) in adolescents under orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods. This is a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. A total of 92 participants free from caries were randomized into 2 groups; the first received fluoride dentifrice, and the second received fluoride dentifrice incorporated with BRP. The gingival bleeding index (GBI) was recorded, and saliva was collected on the baseline (D0) and after 28 days (D28) for microbiological analysis. Data from GBI and Colony Forming Units (CFU) (log10) were expressed as mean and standard deviation. RESULTS: The two groups reduced GBI significantly, with no difference in the intergroup analysis. In the intragroup analysis, it was observed that G2 (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (S. mutans bacteria, it was observed that only G2 had a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (p < 0.001) had a significant reduction for Gram-negative bacteria, while there was significance (. CONCLUSIONS: Dentifrice containing BRP demonstrated better clinical and microbiological activity. Future studies are needed to better identify effects to establish the use of dentifrice containing propolis in biofilm control.

Dose-response Evaluation of Propolis Dental Varnish in Children: A Randomized Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries is a sugar-dependent disease with multifactorial modulating factors affecting deciduous dentition. It is defined as the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth due to caries or the existence of a temporary restoration in a tooth in a child between zero and 71 months of age. No BRP varnish was found in intellectual property banks, therefore it was registered and deposited with patent number BR1020160190142. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response concentration of alcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children. METHODS: Twenty-four children, aged between 36 and 71 months, of both genders and without caries, were selected to participate in this pilot study and grouped randomly into four groups to receive different concentrations of BRP varnish (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The varnish was applied to the surface of all second deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was observed in saliva, which was collected in two phases: before applying the BRP varnish and after use. RESULTS: There was microbiological reduction of S. mutans in the oral cavity of the children in all the tested concentrations. The highest percentage reduction of S. mutans was observed at the concentration of 2.5% (P = 0.0443). CONCLUSION: The BRP extract in the form of dental varnish has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and constitutes a possible alternative in the prevention of dental caries.

Dose-response evaluation of a copaiba-containing varnish against streptococcus mutans in vivo.

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in humans and its incidence is particularly high during childhood. The use of medicinal plants is a common practice in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the optimal antimicrobial concentration of Copaifera langsdorffii (copaiba) oil-resin, in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children. METHODS: Twenty-four children, caries-free, aged until 6 years old, were selected to participate in this study. The varnish was applied to the occlusal surfaces of all deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed in saliva, whose collection was conducted in two phases: before applying the copaiba varnish and after use to verify the instantaneous effectiveness of Copaifera langsdorffii dental varnish in the reduction of S. mutans. The microbiological analysis was repeated twice, establishing dilutions of 1:10 mL and 1:100 mL. RESULTS: Comparisons between different times within the same dilution were carried out by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) associated with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Comparisons of conditions prior to and after treatment were performed using the t test for paired samples and it indicated that the 1% formulation promoted a more significant decrease in the number of S. mutans colonies (p = 0,0026). CONCLUSION: Copaiba oil-resin, in the form of dental varnish, has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in all the concentrations studied. Further studies to identify the long-term activity and anticaries effect of this varnish are required to establish its use in caries prevention.

Frenotomia lingual em bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia pelo Teste da Linguinha: série de casos clínicos / Lingual frenectomy in babies diagnosed with ankyloglossia through the Tongue Test: a series of case reports

Objetivo: relatar uma série de casos clínicos de frenotomia lingual em bebês diagnosticados com anquilo-glossia pelo Teste da Linguinha. Relato de casos: cinco bebês, de 0 a 2 anos de idade, foram diagnosticados nas Unidade Básicas de Saúde e na Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sobral, Ceará, com anquiloglossia mode-rada a severa. As mães relataram dificuldades de amamentação e engasgos das crianças. Os pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de frenotomia lingual, que foram realizados na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Campus Sobral, no Grupo de Estudos em Odontopediatria (GEOP) do curso de graduação em Odontologia. As cirurgias foram realizadas com os pacientes conscientes e sob estabilização protetora. Foi administrada apenas anestesia tópica nos pacientes menores de 1 ano e anestesia infiltrativa naqueles com faixa etária maior que 1 ano. Em seguida, foi executado um pequeno corte na porção mediana do freio lingual e, quando necessário, realizada divulsão dos tecidos adjacentes. Ao final, foi feita a limpeza do local da cirurgia com a confirmação visual da efetiva liberação da língua. Por fim, as crianças receberam atestado e as mães, recomendações pós-cirúrgicas. Além disso, as crianças foram encaminhadas para consulta com o fonoaudiólogo e foram marcadas três consultas de retorno para o acompanhamento dos casos. Considera-ções finais: a frenotomia lingual mostrou-se uma técnica cirúrgica conservadora, eficaz e segura. Os bebês apresentaram excelentes resultados pós-operatórios e encontram-se em acompanhamento multiprofissional. (AU)

Objective: to report a series of clinical cases of lin-gual frenectomy in babies diagnosed with ankylo-glossia through the tongue test. Case Reports: five babies aged 0 to 2 years were diagnosed with moderate to severe ankyloglossia in Basic Health Units and in Santa Casa de Misericórdia do So-bral, Ceará, Brazil. The mothers of the children reported difficulties in breastfeeding and gagging. The patients were submitted to surgical procedu-res of lingual frenectomy, which were performed at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Cam-pus Sobral, in the Group of Studies in Pediatric Dentistry of the undergraduate dental course. The surgeries were performed with conscious patients under protective stabilization. Only topical anesthesia was administered in patients younger than 1 year and infiltrative anesthesia was used for those older than 1 year. Thereafter, a small cut was per-formed on the median portion of the lingual fre-nulum and, if necessary, divulsion of the adjacent tissues was performed. At the end, the surgical site was cleaned and the effective release of the tongue was confirmed visually. Finally, the chil-dren received medical certification and the mo-thers received postoperative recommendations. In addition, the children were referred to visits with a speech therapist and three follow-up ap-pointments were scheduled. Final considerations: lingual frenectomy proved to be a conservative, effective, and safe surgical technique. The babies presented excellent postoperative results and they are under multi-professional follow-up. (AU)

Reconstrução de dente anterior fraturado com restauração direta associada a pino de fibra de vidro ­ relato de caso / Fractured anterior tooth reconstruction with direct restoration associated with glass fiber pin ­ case report

O relato de caso tem por objetivo descrever as etapas de planejamento e o protocolo restaurador para um caso de reconstrução de dente anterior fraturado por meio de restauração direta com resina composta associada a pino de fibra de vidro, além de discutir os procedimentos necessários para a obtenção de restaurações satisfatórias nessa região. Paciente GLA, leucoderma, 14 anos de idade, vítima de acidente doméstico, com fratura coronária nos dentes 11 e 21. Após anamnese, exame clínico e radiográfico, constatou-se fratura coronária do tipo VI no dente 11, com tratamento endodôntico já realizado, e do tipo III no dente 21. Em virtude da idade do paciente, para o plano de tratamento optou-se pela utilização de um retentor intrarradicular estético, pino de fibra de vidro, associado à restauração direta em resina composta, dada às condições clínicas do remanescente dentário, e para o dente 21, optou-se pela restauração direta em resina composta. Dentes fraturados e submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico devem ser reconstruídos tendo por base um planejamento criterioso. Com a evolução das resinas compostas e dos sistemas adesivos, associados à técnica de condicionamento ácido de esmalte e dentina, tornou-se possível a execução de tratamentos restauradores estéticos mais conservadores (AU).

The objective of this case report was to describe the planning stages and the restorative protocol for a fractured anterior tooth reconstruction by means of direct restoration with composite resin associated with fiberglass pin, in addition to discussing the procedures necessary for obtaining satisfactory restorations in this region. The patient, GLA, leucoderma, 14 years old, was victim of a domestic accident, resulting on a coronary fracture in teeth 11 and 21. After anamnesis, clinical and radiographic examination, a type VI coronary fracture was found in tooth 11 with endodontic treatment and type III in tooth 21. Due to the age of the patient, the treatment plan included the use of an aesthetic intra-radicular retainer, fiberglass pin, associated to direct restoration in composite resin given the clinical conditions of the dental remnant, while the direct restoration in composite resin was chosen for element 21. Fractured teeth as those submitted to endodontic treatment should be reconstructed based on careful planning. With the evolution of composite resins and adhesive systems, associated with the acid etching technique of enamel and dentin, it became possible to perform more conservative esthetic restorative treatments (AU).

Aplicação da técnica da muralha de silicona em paciente pediátrico û relato de caso / Application of the silicon guide technique in pediatric patient û case report

Para a reconstrução de dentes anteriores que sofreram fraturas ou restaurações envolvendo o ângulo incisal, a Dentística dispõe de um tratamento que oferece a cópia ideal da estrutura palatina, a técnica de restauração usando a muralha de silicona. Esta técnica permite recuperar a estética de forma rápida, conservadora e oferece uma grande vantagem para a Odontopediatria como a redução do tempo de cadeira do paciente infantil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso em que foi aplicada a técnica da muralha de silicona em paciente pediátrico. Paciente CIG, gênero masculino, 8 anos de idade, apresentando fratura oblíqua das coroas dos dentes 11 e 21. Após procedimentos emergenciais, o paciente teve suas arcadas moldadas e posterior moldagem de gesso, reconstrução em cera, confecção da muralha e restauração dos dentes fraturados. O caso foi solucionado apenas com recursos de Dentística, técnica da muralha, utilização de ceroplastia e resinas compostas fotopolimerizáveis, alcançando-se um bom resultado estético. Portanto, conclui-se que a confecção da técnica da muralha de silicona para restauração direta em dentes anteriores traz vantagens no tempo gasto para realização do procedimento clínico, além de resultado satisfatório e estético.

For the reconstruction of fractured anterior teeth or restorations involving the incisal angle, the silicone guide technique offers an ideal copy of the palatal structure. This technique allows a fast and conservative aesthetics restoration, as well as reduces chair time, an important advantage at odontopediatric procedures. The aim of this study was to report a case in which the silicone guide technique was applied at the treatment of a pediatric patient. CIG, male patient 8 years old, presenting oblique fracture on crowns of teeth #11 #21. After emergency procedures, dental impressions from the patient were taken and a cast model was made, followed by the wax-up. Then silicone wall was manufactured and teeth were restored. The case was solved using just dentistry resources such as the guide technique, wax-up, and light cured composite resins and has achieved satisfactory results. Therefore, it was concluded that the silicone guide technique applied to direct restoration in anterior teeth has the advantage of reduced chair time obtaining satisfactory aesthetic results.

Associação entre o uso da chupeta e a diminuição do risco de morte súbita em bebês / Relation between the use of pacifier and the reduction of cot death

Objetiva-se nesse artigo realizar um levantamento na literatura sobre a associação entre o uso de chupetas na prevenção de morte súbita em crianças. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura e escolhidos 34 artigos publicados entre os anos de 1978 e 2012 em bancos de dados como PubMed e Scielo, usando os descritores: "morte súbita", "chupetas" e "SIDS". À medida que a mortalidade infantil vem sendo reduzida devido às melhorias socioeconômicas, ambientais e na assistência médica, as mortes súbitas na infância (MSI) tendem a assumir papel relativamente mais importante. Concluiu-se que, de acordo com a literatura, o uso de chupeta por lactentes vem reduzindo consideravelmente a incidência de morte súbita dos mesmos (AU)

The aim of this study was to present a literature review about the use of pacifiers use in the prevention of sudden infant death. A search was conducted in PubMed and SciELO, for studies published between 1978 and 2012 using the key words: "sudden death", "pacifiers", and "SIDS". Thirty four studies were selected. As infant mortality has been reduced due to socioeconomics and environmental improvements, as well as to better medical care, there is a tendency to dedicate greater attention to the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It was concluded that according to the literature the use of pacifiers may reduce considerably the incidence of sudden death of them (AU)

Enamel microabrasion as treatment of dental fluorosis in child - case report / Microabrasão do esmalte como tratamento da fluorose dentária em criança – relato de caso

Enamel microabrasion is an efficient method for treating fluorosis since it is a controlled non-invasive technique to remove surface stains promoting a minimum wear of the tooth structure. This paper aimed to report a case of stains removal on the upper incisors using the microabrasion technique. After detailed history taking, clinical examination and confirmation of the diagnosis of dental fluorosis, it was used a paste at 1:1 proportion of 37% phosphoric acid and pumice stone on the surface of the affected teeth. This technique can be used to re¬cover aesthetics of permanent teeth in children presenting opaque patches suggestive of fluorosis, being well accepted by the patient for being a conservative technique, easy to perform and fast, while presenting immediate aesthetic result that motivates the patient immediately.

Para o tratamento da fluorose dentária, a microabrasão do esmalte é um eficiente método para remover manchas superficiais, por consistir em uma técnica controlada e não invasiva promovendo uma quantidade mínima de desgaste da estrutura dentária. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de remoção dessas manchas nos incisivos permanentes superiores utilizando a técnica de microabrasão. Após anamnese e exame clínico minucioso e confirmação do diagnóstico de fluorose dentária, foi empregada uma pasta de ácido fosfórico a 37% e pedra pomes numa proporção de 1:1 com ponta abrasiva na superfície dos dentes afetados. Esta técnica de microabrasão pode ser utilizada para a recuperação estética de dentes permanentes em crianças que apresentam manchas opacas sugestivas de fluorose, sendo bem aceita pelo paciente infantil por ser uma técnica conservadora, de fácil execução e rápida, além de apresentar um resultado estético imediato que motiva o paciente.

The efficacy of three formulations of Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.

Essential oils of many plants have been previously tested in the treatment of oral diseases and other infections. This study was a randomized, double-blind, in parallel with an active control study, which aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three formulations of the Lippia sidoides Cham. essential oil (LSO) in the reduction of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children with caries. 81 volunteers, aged 6-12 years, both genders, with caries, were recruited to participate in this study, and randomly assigned to either one of five different groups. Each group received topical treatment with either 1.4% LSO toothpaste, 1.4% LSO gel, 0.8% LSO mouthwash, 1% chlorhexidine gel, or 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A 5-ml volume of each gel was placed inside disposable trays, and applied for 1 min, every 24h, for 5 consecutive days. The mouthwash groups used 5-ml volume of a mouthwash inside disposable syringes. In the toothpaste group, children brushed their teeth for 1 min, once a day for 5 days. Saliva was collected before and after treatment. MS colonies were counted, isolated and confirmed through biochemical tests. Differences in MS levels measured in different days within the same treatment group was only verified with LSO toothpaste, chlorhexidine gel and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Comparison between groups of LSO mouthwash, toothpaste and gel showed that the toothpaste group expressed significantly lower MS levels than the mouthwash and gel groups at day-30. Chlorhexidine significantly reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, but these levels returned to baseline in other periods of the study. LSO toothpaste reduced MS levels after 5 days of treatment, and MS levels remained low and did not return to baseline during subsequent analysis. Hence, LSO toothpaste demonstrated the most long-lasting MS reduction in saliva, whereas other LSO formulations did not effectively reduce MS levels in children with dental caries.

Avaliação do conhecimento de profissionais de saúde sobre o uso de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais em crianças / Evaluation of knowledge of health professionals on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in children

Objetivando estabelecer qual anti-inflamatório não esteroidal é mais seguro para o uso infantil, foi realizada uma avaliação do conhecimento desse tipo de medicamento e seu uso clínico entre médicos e dentistas. Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo, utilizando-se um questionário único para médicos e dentistas em que os profissionais responderam se utilizavam ou não esse medicamento no paciente infantil. Havia alternativas de opções de anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais amplamente divulgados e utilizados. Observou-se grande divergência de escolha entre a classe médica e odontológica desses fármacos, tendo poucos profissionais optado pela não utilização desses medicamentos. Ao comparar as respostas dos profissionais com a revisão de literatura, concluiu-se que o medicamento que possui menos efeitos colaterais é o Ibuprofeno, razão por que se indica o uso desse fármaco diante de um processo inflamatório, quando há necessidade do controle da inflamação do paciente pediátrico.

The aim of this study was to establish which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory is safer for children use; it was made an assessment knowledge using this type of medication and its use among doctors and dentists. We conducted a survey, using a single questionnaire for doctors and dentists, where professionals responded whether they use this drug in children or not. There were also alternatives of non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs widely disseminated and used. We observed a large difference when choosing this kind of drug among doctors and dentists, and few have opted not to use it. By comparing the responses of professionals with the literature review, it was concluded that the drug which has fewer side effects is ibuprofen, therefore the use of this drug on the inflammatory process when there is a need to control the inflammation of the pediatric patient.

Experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and validate, in our laboratory, the essay of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats by means of analysis of hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters. METHODS: Thirty young, male, Wistar rats (145 to 230 g) were randomly allocated in two groups: Sham group, which underwent a virtual myocardial infarction induction, and the Infarction group, which underwent a myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol. The administrations for the infarction induction were performed during two consecutive days and a 24-hour interval between them. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, rats from both groups were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood sample collection to evaluate complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, troponin I, urea and creatinin), obtain myocardial fragments for oxidative stress markers analyses (catalase activity and glutathione concentrations) as well as histopathological examinations. RESULTS: There were no death cases in the Sham group, while the mortality rate in the Infarction group was 25%. Myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol raised leukocytes and neutrophils counts, SGOT, troponin I and urea concentrations, reduced catalase enzyme activity and glutathione concentrations in the myocardium and let to histopathological concentrations as well. It did not exert alterations in terms of hemoglobin, SGPT and creatinin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction essay in rats was adequately reproduced in our laboratory, causing alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters.

Infected aneurysm of brachial artery after mitral valve infective endocarditis.

We present a case of brachial artery infected aneurysm in a patient with infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis. A 49-year-old man presented with fever dyspnea and a pansystolic murmur with irradiation to axilla. The echocardiogram revealed vegetation in native mitral valve. After mitral valve replacement with bioprosthesis, it was observed pulsatile mass of five centimeters in diameter at antecubital fossa of right upper limb. It was made the diagnosis of infected aneurysm of the brachial artery, and the surgery was performed successfully. The aim of this case report is to show a rare complication after infective endocarditis.

Modelo experimental de infarto do miocárdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos / Experimental model of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e validar, em nosso meio, o modelo de infarto do miocárdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos por meio de análises de parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, de marcadores do estresse oxidativo e histopatológicos. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos jovens, machos, da linhagem Wistar (145 a 230 g), foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo Simulado, submetido à falsa indução de infarto do miocárdio, e grupo Infarto, submetido à indução do infarto do miocárdio com isoproterenol. As aplicações, para indução do infarto, foram realizadas durante dois dias consecutivos, com intervalo de 24 horas entre elas. Após 24 horas da última aplicação, os ratos de ambos os grupos foram anestesiados e sacrificados para realização de coleta de sangue para hemograma e análise bioquímica (TGO, TGP, troponina I, ureia e creatinina) e coleta de fragmento do miocárdio para avaliação de marcadores do estresse oxidativo (atividade da catalase e concentração de glutationa) e exame histopatológico. RESULTADOS: Não houve mortalidade no grupo Simulado, enquanto a mortalidade no grupo Infarto foi de 25%. A indução do infarto do miocárdio com isoproterenol causou elevação das contagens de leucócitos e neutrófilos, dos níveis de TGO, troponina I e ureia, reduziu a atividade da catalase e os níveis teciduais de glutationa e causou alterações histopatológicas. Não acarretou alterações nas concentrações de hemoglobina, TGP e creatinina. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo de infarto do miocárdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos foi adequadamente reproduzido em nosso laboratório, acarretando alterações em parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, de marcadores de estresse oxidativo e histopatológicos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and validate, in our laboratory, the essay of myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats by means of analysis of hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters. METHODS: Thirty young, male, Wistar rats (145 to 230 g) were randomly allocated in two groups: Sham group, which underwent a virtual myocardial infarction induction, and the Infarction group, which underwent a myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol. The administrations for the infarction induction were performed during two consecutive days and a 24-hour interval between them. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, rats from both groups were anesthetized and sacrificed for blood sample collection to evaluate complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical parameters (SGOT, SGPT, troponin I, urea and creatinin), obtain myocardial fragments for oxidative stress markers analyses (catalase activity and glutathione concentrations) as well as histopathological examinations. RESULTS: There were no death cases in the Sham group, while the mortality rate in the Infarction group was 25%. Myocardial infarction induction with isoproterenol raised leukocytes and neutrophils counts, SGOT, troponin I and urea concentrations, reduced catalase enzyme activity and glutathione concentrations in the myocardium and let to histopathological concentrations as well. It did not exert alterations in terms of hemoglobin, SGPT and creatinin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction essay in rats was adequately reproduced in our laboratory, causing alterations in hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress markers and histopathological parameters.

Aneurisma infectado de artéria braquial após endocardite infecciosa de valva mitral / Infected aneurysm of brachial artery after mitral valve infective endocarditis

Apresentamos um caso de aneurisma infectado de artéria braquial em paciente com endocardite infecciosa por Streptococcus bovis. Homem de 49 anos de idade se apresentou com febre, dispnéia e sopro regurgitativo em foco mitral com irradiação para axila. O ecocardiograma demonstrou vegetação em valva mitral nativa. Após troca valvar mitral com implante de prótese biológica, observou-se massa pulsátil de cinco centímetros de diâmetro em fossa antecubital direita. Foi feito o diagnóstico de aneurisma infectado de artéria braquial, e o tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado com sucesso. O objetivo desse relato de caso é apresentar uma complicação pouco comum após endocardite infecciosa.

We present a case of brachial artery infected aneurysm in a patient with infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus bovis. A 49-year-old man presented with fever dyspnea and a pansystolic murmur with irradiation to axilla. The echocardiogram revealed vegetation in native mitral valve. After mitral valve replacement with bioprosthesis, it was observed pulsatile mass of five centimeters in diameter at antecubital fossa of right upper limb. It was made the diagnosis of infected aneurysm of the brachial artery, and the surgery was performed successfully. The aim of this case report is to show a rare complication after infective endocarditis.

Dose-response evaluation of a novel essential oil against Mutans streptococci in vivo.

Research has demonstrated the need for identifying a novel antimicrobial agent for topical use in the pediatric dental population. The essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. (LSO) has been described as having favorable biological properties, and a broad in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria and yeast infections. Our aim was to determine a dose and formulation of LSO, acceptable for clinical testing in a pediatric population with dental caries. Thirty-seven 6-12-year old children were selected to participate in this study, and randomly allocated to receive different concentrations of either a gel (0.8%, 1%, 1.2% and 1.4%) or a mouth rinse (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% and 1.2%) formulation. The highest percentage MS reduction was observed with 0.8% mouth rinse and 1.4% gel. The efficacy of these concentrations was compared with a Thy-Car mixture formulated as a mouth rinse and gel treatments in 11 children. Saliva was collected after a single application of the antimicrobial treatment to establish effectiveness against MS. Both rinse (p<0.001) and gel (p=0.02) formulations produced significant MS reduction. Mouth rinse concentrations above 0.8% were associated with a transient intra-oral burning sensation. In conclusion, mouth rinse and gel LSO formulations demonstrated effectiveness against MS and good acceptance among children. We suggest future randomized clinical trials to test its effectiveness against early childhood caries.